Windows 8.1 Pro Upgrade Keyboard Layout, Keys Mismatch Problem Resolution

Hi all,

I have upgraded my sister’s laptop from Windows 8 to Windows 8.1

I know that, it takes lot of time to download and install. After the whole night download and installation is completed.

But she has come up with an issue saying that, keyboard keys are not displaying correct values.

Problem

Keyboard Layout Adjustment

Resolution

• I have understood that it’s a layout problem.
• Default layout is English (UK). I have changed that to English (India).
• And downloaded the English (US) language pack also.
• For testing your keyboard layout in the live view, you can open “On-Screen Keyboard”
• When you change the layout, the “On-Screen Keyboard” layout gets changed automatically.
• By this way, we can see our keyboard live layout.

I hope someone who think that, it’s a problem can resolve the issue using the above procedure.

 

For more queries and comments, please send mail to psrdotcom@gmail.com

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OpenVPN Server Windows 7 Installation

Objective

Install OpenVPN Server on Windows 7 machine.
I have followed the tutorial from OpenVPN community. https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/Easy_Windows_Guide

Pre-requisites

Disable the Windows Firewall (OR) Enable an Inbound Rule for the port 1194 ^[2]

Download and Installation

• Download OpenVPN Server. http://openvpn.net/release/ (Get the latest Version executable based on time)
• Install the downloaded .exe by running with Administrator privileges
• Specify the path to a folder which doesn’t have spaces on path.

  • Example:-

    • C:\OpenVPN [Use] [I am installing in this directory and throughout this post, I will be referring this as default OpenVPN installed directory]
    • C:\Program Files (x86) [Don’t use]
• Navigate to OpenVPN installed directory
• Go to config folder
• Create a file with name server.ovpn
• Paste the content as specified below
• Go to Network Connections in Windows 7 [Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network Connections]
• Rename TAP-Win32 Adapter to “MyTap” as described in server.ovpn [Names should match in both server.ovpn and Adapter name]

   1: port 1194 #change to any port you see fit. The client needs to use the same port




   2: proto udp #switch to tcp if you wish to use a tcp connection, the client needs to use the same protocol. udp gives better performance




   3: dev tun




   4: dev-node MyTap #name of your TAP interface.




   5: server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 #This may need modification as dictated by Internet Connection Settings. This is the default for ICS on Windows 7.




   6:  




   7: ca "C:\\OpenVPN\\easy-rsa\\keys\\ca.crt"




   8: cert "C:\\OpenVPN\\easy-rsa\\keys\\server.crt"




   9: key "C:\\OpenVPN\\easy-rsa\\keys\\server.key"  # This file should be kept secret




  10: dh "C:\\OpenVPN\\easy-rsa\\keys\\dh1024.pem"




  11: ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt




  12:  




  13: push "redirect-gateway def1" #tells all Internet traffic to go through the tunnel




  14: push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" #OpenDNS servers, makes it easy to check if the tunnel is working properly




  15: push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220"




  16: keepalive 10 120




  17: comp-lzo #compression for better network performance. Disable if your server isn't powerful enough. Needs to be included in both server and client configs if you use it.




  18: persist-key




  19: persist-tun




  20: status openvpn-status.log




  21: verb 3

Certificates and Keys Creation

Initial Configuration

• Open command prompt with Administrator privileges


• Navigate to OpenVPN directory


• cd C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa\


• run init-config.bat
• C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa> init-config


• Open vars.bat


• C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa> notepad vars.bat


• Change the HOME variable to your path
• HOME=C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa


• Change country, province, City, Org, email


• You can add KEY_NAME=your-name and KEY_OU=VPNer


• Run the vars.bat file
• C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa> vars


• Run the clean-all.bat file
• C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa> clean-all

Creating Certificates and Keys

Your Own Certificate Authority Generation

• Open command prompt with Administrator privileges


• Navigate to OpenVPN directory


• cd C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa\


• run build-ca.bat


• C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa> build-ca


• Accept the defaults and give Common Name as your-company CA


• Ex:- OpenVPN-CA

Server Certificate and Key Generation

• Open command prompt with Administrator privileges


• Navigate to OpenVPN directory


• cd C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa\


• run build-key-server.bat file


• C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa> build-key-server server


• Enter common name as “server” since your command line input parameter is “server”


• Sign Certificate: accept with ‘y’


• Commit: accept with ‘y’

Client Certificate and Key Generation

• Open command prompt with Administrator privileges


• Navigate to OpenVPN directory


• cd C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa\


• run build-key.bat file


• C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa> build-key client-name


• Ex:- build-key my-laptop


• Enter common name as “my-laptop” since your command line input parameter is “my-laptop”

 Key Exchange Certificate(Diffie-Hellman)

• Open command prompt with Administrator privileges


• Navigate to OpenVPN directory


• cd C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa\


• run build-dh.bat file


• C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa> build-dh

Send Server Certificates and Keys to Client

Send the following files to client

1. ca.crt


2. client-name.crt


3. client-name.key

All these files will be stored in C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa\keys

Common Errors and Resolution

• openvpn unable to write 'random state'
• Change the HOME variable path to absolute path in vars.bat file


• Ex: HOME=C:\OpenVPN\easy-rsa


• openvpn server directive network/netmask combination is invalid
• Give IP address as 10.8.0.0 in server.ovpn


• TapAdapter not found


• Go to Network Connections in Windows 7 [Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network Connections]
• Rename TAP-Win32 Adapter to “MyTap” as described in server.ovpn [Names should match in both server.ovpn and Adapter name]

Run OpenVPN GUI

• Start->All Programs->OpenVPN->OpenVPN GUI


• It will come to status bar as notification icon [Default: bottom]


• Rightclick on OpenVPN GUI and click on “Connect”


• It should display proper log, if any error please search in Google and openvpn forums

References

https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/Easy_Windows_Guide

http://blog.defron.org/2013/01/openvpn-server-on-windows.html

Please send your feedback and comments to psrdotcom@gmail.com

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Unable to Share folders in Ubuntu problem got resolved (Samba)

Hi friends,

I was not able to share my folders within network sometime back.

After searching and modifying configuration file my problem got resolved.

Problem: 

Unable to share Ubuntu folders

Message:  

net usershare' returned error 255: net usershare add: cannot share path /opt/foldingathome as we are restricted to only sharing directories we own.
Ask the administrator to add the line "usershare owner only = False"
to the [global] section of the smb.conf to allow this.

Resolution:

1. Type the following in console
• $ sudo vi /etc/samba/smb.conf
2. Go to [global] section
3. Add the following line
• usershare owner only = False
4. Save and exit from vi
5. Restart Samba service
• sudo service samba restart

Now, you can happily share your folders over network

Please send your feedback and comments to psrdotcom@gmail.com